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DO YOU KNOW WHAT IS GOING TO HAPPEN TOMORROW?
you need to know what is going to happen to the world tomorrow. here is your opportunity to know the mysteries as unraveil by bamgold. click here
THINK SCIENCE
Do you know that smokers are liable to die young? well, you have to know why. here lies the reason
WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT NIGERIA?
many says that Nigeria is the most corrupt nation, many declared it as the worst, but what do you think about my Nation. here lies my view and opinion about NIGERIA
THE FAKE PTR
have you been failed by rolex-mails, lucky and all of such? then you need to know their secrets, i mean to be able to distinguish the fakes from the original. here you get your scrutinizer
DO YOU KNOW THAT GOD WANT YOUR SUCCESS?
the bible made it know that God is the God of love who takes delight in the success of his children. well these are the words for your upliftments"
CLOUD OF WITNESSES
Wednesday, June 8, 2016
posted by bamgold @ 2:31 PM   0 comments
AUTHORITY
Tuesday, June 7, 2016

posted by bamgold @ 12:22 PM   0 comments
CLOUD OF WITNESSES

posted by bamgold @ 5:30 AM   0 comments
TEST TO DISTINGUISH CLASSES OF ALCOHOLS
Monday, March 21, 2016



Lucas test

Lucas test in alcohols is a test to differentiate between primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols. It is based on the difference in reactivity of the three classes of alcohols with hydrogen halides via an SN1 reaction
ROH + HCl → RCl + H2O
The differing reactivity reflects the differing ease of formation of the corresponding carbocations. Tertiary carbocations are far more stable than secondary carbocations, and primary carbocations are the least stable.
An equimolar mixture of ZnCl2 and HCl is the reagent. The alcohol is protonated by this mixture, and H2O group attached to carbon is replaced by the nucleophile Cl, which is present in excess. Tertiary alcohols react immediately with Lucas reagent as evidenced by turbidity owing to the low solubility of the organic chloride in the aqueous mixture. Secondary alcohols react within five or so minutes (depending on their solubility). Primary alcohols do not react appreciably with Lucas reagent at room temperature. Hence, the time taken for turbidity to appear is a measure of the reactivity of the class of alcohol, and this time difference is used to differentiate among the three classes of alcohols:
  • no visible reaction at room temperature and forming an oily layer only on heating: primary, such as 1-pentanol
  • solution forms oily layer in 3–5 minutes: secondary, such as 2-pentanol
  • solution forms oily layer immediately: tertiary, such as 2-methyl-2-butanol
posted by bamgold @ 6:31 PM   0 comments
IUPAC NOMECLATURE
Wednesday, August 20, 2008
REVISION OF THE EXTENDED HANTZSCH-WIDMAN SYSTEM OF NOMENCLATURE FOR HETEROMONOCYCLES
Nomenclature of Fused and Bridged Fused Ring Systems
Revised Section F: Natural Products and Related Compounds
Nomenclature for the C60-Ih and C70-D5h(6) Fullerenes
Nomenclature of Regular Single-Strand Organic Polymers
TREATMENT OF VARIABLE VALENCE IN ORGANIC NOMENCLATURE (l CONVENTION)
Phane Nomenclature Part I: Phane Parent Names
Extension and Revision of the von Baeyer System for Naming Polycyclic Compounds (Including Bicyclic Compounds)
Revised Nomenclature for Radicals, Ions, Radical Ions and Related Species
Numbering of Fullerenes
Basic Terminology of Stereochemistry
Nomenclature for cyclic organic compounds with contiguous formal double bonds
(the d-convention)

Phane Nomenclature Part II: Modification of the Degree of Hydrogenation and Substitution Derivatives of Phane Parent Hydrides
Section H: Isotopically Modified Compounds
Extension and Revision of the Nomenclature for Spiro Compounds
GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED IN PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY



ORGANIC CHEMISTRY NOMECLATURE
Nomenclature and Symbolism for Amino Acids and Peptides
Abbreviations and Symbols for the Description of the Conformation of Polypeptide Chains
Nomenclature of glycoproteins, glycopeptides and peptidoglycans
Abbreviated Nomenclature of Synthetic Polypeptides (Polymerized Amino Acids)
Prenol nomenclature
Nomenclature and symbols for folic acid and related compounds
Nomenclature of Tocopherols and Related Compounds
Recommendations for nomenclature and tables in biochemical thermodynamics
Nomenclature of Quinones with Isoprenoid Side-Chains
Abbreviations and Symbols for Nucleic Acids, Polynucleotides and their Constituents
Abbreviations and Symbols for the Description of Conformations of Polynucleotide Chains
Nomenclature of Glycolipids
Nomenclature of Lipids
The Nomenclature of Steroids
Nomenclature of Carotenoids
Nomenclature for Vitamins B-6 and Related Compounds
Biochemical Phosphorus Compounds
Nomenclature of Tetrapyrroles
Carbohydrate Nomenclature
Conformation of Polysaccharide Chains
Cyclitol Nomenclature
Nomenclature of Vitamin D
Nomenclature of Retinoids
The Nomenclature of Corrinoids
Nomenclature of Lignans and Neolignans
Nomenclature of Electron-Transfer Proteins
Nomenclature for Incompletely Specified Bases in Nucleic Acid Sequences
The Nomenclature of Peptide Hormones
Enzyme Nomenclature
Symbolism and Terminology in Enzyme Kinetics
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